1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
-American plantation owners and U.S. Marines toppled Hawaii's queen because they favored bringing the islands officially under U.S. control.
-President Grover Cleveland's reaction was that he withdrew the treaty because he believed that the annexation would corrupt traditional American values of freedom and equality. He also opposed Hawaii's new leaders, who in his mind had unjustly deprived the Hawaiian queen of her throne.
-I do not agree with his quote because i believe that we needed Hawaii and we shouldn't have to worry about the welfare of the Hawaiians. Most of the economy was dominated by American sugar plantation owners anyway.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
-Change: Massive land acquisitions to the west Effect: held resources that increased the country's wealth and as a result the US built up significant economic and political power.
-Change: Immigration Effect: Broadened America's ethnic diversity.
-Change: Urban Growth Effect: overburdened transportation systems, inadequate sanitation, rising crime, substandard housing and political corruption. It also cause agriculture to slip from its central place in American society.
-Change: Trade Effect: huge numbers of goods that other countries valued were being made by the immigrants, which increased the annual value of American exports exponentially.
-Change: 1893 Depression Effect: Bankrupcy of two major railroads, new yourk stock echange tumbled, many people went bankrupt, millions of americans lost their jobs
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
It deepened the divisions in American society by making the workers realize how vulnerable they were in an economy based on industry and manufacturing. It was the actual americans that suffered the most during the depression.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
The values attached to the frontier were resourcefulness, bravery, pragmatism, ingenuity, individualism, egalitarianism, and patriotism. Many feared that closing the frontier would harm America's national character because they viewed it as the American identity. It also had fueled the country's economic growth.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
Some Americans suggested greater involvement overseas because of the fear about the changing American character and the belief in American power combined to convince some people that a more aggressive approach to dealing with other nations would be the best way to ensure the continued economic success of the US. They believed that expansion would fuel economic growth.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
Expansionists thought creating some ports to open doors to new foreign markets would be sufficient but imperialists believed that the course of history was pointing abroad.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
-Social Darwinism explained differences among the world's racial and ethnic groups in terms of evolution. It was survival of the fittest and the social Darwinist believed that we had demonstrated our superiority. Scientific racism showed that mental abilites and persnality traits were racial characteristics. Whites were considered superior to the other races. They are still used today with discrimination of people because of their race or sexuality.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
Many protestant churches said America's role in the world should be to lift up the downtrodden of other nations.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
The US became involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century because we wanted to stabilize them so that trade would be safe. We became involved with Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations so that we could get safe fueling points to facilitate trade.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
The US was concerned about British involvement in Venezuela because we thought they were bullying them, and it shared a border with the British colony of Guiana and held large deposits of god. Olney did not want Britain or any other European countries to get the idea they could carve up Latin America for colonies as they had recently done in Africa. Such action would prevent the US from expanding its own commercial ties to Latin America.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Spanish-American War
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners- The american-people felt sympathetic toward the Cubans, and the business owners wanted the sugar plantations because it was rich in natural resources and full of new markets.
2. José Martí - he launched a revolution in 1895 and organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations. He counted on provoking US intervention to help achieve a free Cuba.
3. Valeriano Weyler - Was sent to Cuba to restore order. He fueled a war over newspaper circulation by imprisoning cubans in concentration camps.
4. Yellow journalism - It exaggerated the news to lure and enrage readers, which fanned war fever.
5. De Lôme letter - The De Lome Letter got Americans angered over the fact that their president was insulted by the Spanish minister. They found out about it because it was published in the New York Journal.
6. U.S.S. Maine - It was played up to make the American people think that the Spanish blew up the ship, and to make it seem like an act of war so that we could declare war on Spain.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba - Cuba is released from Spain
8. Puerto Rico - IS given to the US
9. Guam - It is given to the US
10. Philippine Islands - US buys for 20 million
1. American business owners- The american-people felt sympathetic toward the Cubans, and the business owners wanted the sugar plantations because it was rich in natural resources and full of new markets.
2. José Martí - he launched a revolution in 1895 and organized Cuban resistance against Spain, using an active guerilla campaign and deliberately destroying property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations. He counted on provoking US intervention to help achieve a free Cuba.
3. Valeriano Weyler - Was sent to Cuba to restore order. He fueled a war over newspaper circulation by imprisoning cubans in concentration camps.
4. Yellow journalism - It exaggerated the news to lure and enrage readers, which fanned war fever.
5. De Lôme letter - The De Lome Letter got Americans angered over the fact that their president was insulted by the Spanish minister. They found out about it because it was published in the New York Journal.
6. U.S.S. Maine - It was played up to make the American people think that the Spanish blew up the ship, and to make it seem like an act of war so that we could declare war on Spain.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba - Cuba is released from Spain
8. Puerto Rico - IS given to the US
9. Guam - It is given to the US
10. Philippine Islands - US buys for 20 million
Friday, October 23, 2009
US Imperialism Begins
1. Name at least five factors that fueled American Imperialism.
Five factors that fueled American Imperialism were desire for military strength, thirst for new markets, beleif in cultural superiority, global competition and technological advances.
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
The factor for military strength was that the american people wanted more navel ports such as Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the thirst for new markets was brought about by investors who wanted the new things that other places in the world had to offer. For instance Alaska had many natural resources, which is the main reason we bought it. Also with the new forms of transportation these resources could be brought back to the states much easier and efficiently.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
Alaska was known as "Seward's Folly" or "Sewards Icebox" because the American people did not beleive we could gain anything from it. It turned out that Alaska was an abundant source of natural resources.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The sugar product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii's wealth in the mid-19th century, and it was American-Owned.
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
The US was so intered in Hawaii because it is in the center of the Pacific Ocean, meaning that if we owned it we controlled the Pacific. It was also a coal station for our steam ships, and was also a good place for a military base. Mahan said that Hawaii was ripe for the picking and he wanted it because of its military importance, and because we could use Pearl Harbor.
Five factors that fueled American Imperialism were desire for military strength, thirst for new markets, beleif in cultural superiority, global competition and technological advances.
2. Choose two of the above five factors and describe them in your own words.
The factor for military strength was that the american people wanted more navel ports such as Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the thirst for new markets was brought about by investors who wanted the new things that other places in the world had to offer. For instance Alaska had many natural resources, which is the main reason we bought it. Also with the new forms of transportation these resources could be brought back to the states much easier and efficiently.
3. What was known as “Seward’s Folly” and why?
Alaska was known as "Seward's Folly" or "Sewards Icebox" because the American people did not beleive we could gain anything from it. It turned out that Alaska was an abundant source of natural resources.
4. What plantation-based product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii’s wealth in the mid-19th century and who controlled this product?
The sugar product accounted for three-quarters of Hawaii's wealth in the mid-19th century, and it was American-Owned.
6. Using as much detail as possible, outline the sequence of events that led to America gaining possession of Hawaii? In other words, why was the United States interested in these Pacific islands?
The US was so intered in Hawaii because it is in the center of the Pacific Ocean, meaning that if we owned it we controlled the Pacific. It was also a coal station for our steam ships, and was also a good place for a military base. Mahan said that Hawaii was ripe for the picking and he wanted it because of its military importance, and because we could use Pearl Harbor.
Friday, October 16, 2009
Child Labor Reform Photographs
Objective Assessment
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
-Girl is in a cotton mill
-She runs 4 sides
-She is wearing worn out clothes
Lives of children were tough at the time, they were not treated well and they were not payed well
Photograph B
-Girls are in Macon, Georgia somewhere outside
-Their clothes look old and very used, which shows that they work hard and do not make much because they cannot afford to buy new clothes
Where were these girls working? You can infer that they work hard, they are not fed well because they are very skinny, and work under hard conditions because they look tired and unhappy
Photograph C
-The girl is working in a cotton mill, you can tell because of the machinery that surrounds her
-You can see the machinery that she uses
-Her clothes are very simple, and similar to the other childrens clothes
You can infer from this picture that she is not very happy, judging by the look on her face. She also looks tired and you can infer that she lives a hard life. She is not the only young girl in the place though, because in the notes it says there were many young girls at the mill that just "happened in" or were "Helping a sister", which was obviously just an excuse because they were way to young to work
Photograph D
-The young boy is outside in Saint louis, MO.
-He is selling newspapers, and you can tell because he is holding them and in the notes it calls the young boy a newsie
-His clothes look old and they look as if they were very cheap. His hat is too small for his head as well.
Why was the boy working outside? You can infer that he is not very happy, because he looks quite miserable. His facial expression shows his struggle, and shows that he lives a hard life. He looks as if he has been on that point on the street for a while, and he is just being ignored by the people.
Photograph E
-The boys are working in a cole company in PA
-The boys are wearing a simple jacket and some are wearing hats. This shows that they do not get payed very much money because they cannot afford to buy nice clothing
What were the boys doing with the cole? Were they sorting it? A few things that you can infer is that the working conditions were not good, and that they were mistreated by the slave drivers that were watching them. These accusations are confirmed by the photographers notes as well. you can also infer their pay is not very good because of their cheap clothing.
Photograph F
-The boys are working in a glass factory, you can tell because they are surrounded by glass and materials that they would use to blow glass.
-The boys are wearing suspenders and dirty white shirts. Their clothes reveal that they were doing much manual labor, and some of the boys clothing is tattered which means that they were working hard and could not afford to buy new clothing
What are the tools that they are using? What is the machinery surrounding them? You can infer that they work hard because their clothes are dirty and torn. You can infer that they work long hours because they were staring work at 9 in the morning. You can also infer that their pay was not very high, because they could not afford to replace their dirty and torn clothing.
Photograph G
-The people are surrounding a big crate of oysters, and small tins which they put the shells of the oysters when they shuck them.
-The people, both young and old, have oyster shucking tools such as knives to break open the shell
Some questions i have about these photographs are, Did the women have to bring their smaller children to work? Why are they there? and What are they using to shuck the oysters? A few things you can infer about the lives of these children are they were probably tired and worn out from their long workdays, making them prone to catching diseases in the cramped environments they worked in. You can also infer that their families need money, and thats one reason they are working. Also, their hands would probably get cut up and scarred from this manual labor.
Photograph H
-The picture shows children walking into a factory at night to start the night shift. Most of them look like they haven't even hit their teens yet.
-You do not see any tools or objects because they are just beginning to go to work, and have not started yet
-They are wearing warm clothing, which shows the place was probably not heated and they had to work through the cold winter months through the bitter weather
Some questions i have are What kind of factory are they working at? A few things you can infer from the picture and its notes are that the working conditions are poor because they come home soaked and cold. They do not get payed much for every hour as they only make 84 cents per night. Also, their lives at home were not much better, as in the notes it says that the father of one of 5 of the girls stayed home and lounged about.
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
-Girl is in a cotton mill
-She runs 4 sides
-She is wearing worn out clothes
Lives of children were tough at the time, they were not treated well and they were not payed well
Photograph B
-Girls are in Macon, Georgia somewhere outside
-Their clothes look old and very used, which shows that they work hard and do not make much because they cannot afford to buy new clothes
Where were these girls working? You can infer that they work hard, they are not fed well because they are very skinny, and work under hard conditions because they look tired and unhappy
Photograph C
-The girl is working in a cotton mill, you can tell because of the machinery that surrounds her
-You can see the machinery that she uses
-Her clothes are very simple, and similar to the other childrens clothes
You can infer from this picture that she is not very happy, judging by the look on her face. She also looks tired and you can infer that she lives a hard life. She is not the only young girl in the place though, because in the notes it says there were many young girls at the mill that just "happened in" or were "Helping a sister", which was obviously just an excuse because they were way to young to work
Photograph D
-The young boy is outside in Saint louis, MO.
-He is selling newspapers, and you can tell because he is holding them and in the notes it calls the young boy a newsie
-His clothes look old and they look as if they were very cheap. His hat is too small for his head as well.
Why was the boy working outside? You can infer that he is not very happy, because he looks quite miserable. His facial expression shows his struggle, and shows that he lives a hard life. He looks as if he has been on that point on the street for a while, and he is just being ignored by the people.
Photograph E
-The boys are working in a cole company in PA
-The boys are wearing a simple jacket and some are wearing hats. This shows that they do not get payed very much money because they cannot afford to buy nice clothing
What were the boys doing with the cole? Were they sorting it? A few things that you can infer is that the working conditions were not good, and that they were mistreated by the slave drivers that were watching them. These accusations are confirmed by the photographers notes as well. you can also infer their pay is not very good because of their cheap clothing.
Photograph F
-The boys are working in a glass factory, you can tell because they are surrounded by glass and materials that they would use to blow glass.
-The boys are wearing suspenders and dirty white shirts. Their clothes reveal that they were doing much manual labor, and some of the boys clothing is tattered which means that they were working hard and could not afford to buy new clothing
What are the tools that they are using? What is the machinery surrounding them? You can infer that they work hard because their clothes are dirty and torn. You can infer that they work long hours because they were staring work at 9 in the morning. You can also infer that their pay was not very high, because they could not afford to replace their dirty and torn clothing.
Photograph G
-The people are surrounding a big crate of oysters, and small tins which they put the shells of the oysters when they shuck them.
-The people, both young and old, have oyster shucking tools such as knives to break open the shell
Some questions i have about these photographs are, Did the women have to bring their smaller children to work? Why are they there? and What are they using to shuck the oysters? A few things you can infer about the lives of these children are they were probably tired and worn out from their long workdays, making them prone to catching diseases in the cramped environments they worked in. You can also infer that their families need money, and thats one reason they are working. Also, their hands would probably get cut up and scarred from this manual labor.
Photograph H
-The picture shows children walking into a factory at night to start the night shift. Most of them look like they haven't even hit their teens yet.
-You do not see any tools or objects because they are just beginning to go to work, and have not started yet
-They are wearing warm clothing, which shows the place was probably not heated and they had to work through the cold winter months through the bitter weather
Some questions i have are What kind of factory are they working at? A few things you can infer from the picture and its notes are that the working conditions are poor because they come home soaked and cold. They do not get payed much for every hour as they only make 84 cents per night. Also, their lives at home were not much better, as in the notes it says that the father of one of 5 of the girls stayed home and lounged about.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Progressive Era Presidents Taft and Wilson
1. How did William Howard Taft get selected to run for president?
William Taft was picked by Roosevelt to run for the Republican party because Roosevelt pledged not to run for reelection in 1908.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
He came to oppose taft because after returning from Africa he decided to run for election in 1912. The Republican party was in shambles at the time.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
The split in the Republican Ranks helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912. Also, under his leadership the NJ legislature had past many reform measures and so as the Democratic nominee he endorsed a progressive platform called New Freedom.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Wilson used the federal legislature to attack trusts and monopolies.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote. It won final ratification in August 1920.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
Americas entry into WWI affected the reform movements because it distracted Americans and their legislators allowed the reform efforts to stall.
William Taft was picked by Roosevelt to run for the Republican party because Roosevelt pledged not to run for reelection in 1908.
2. How did Teddy Roosevelt come to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912?
He came to oppose taft because after returning from Africa he decided to run for election in 1912. The Republican party was in shambles at the time.
3. What events helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912?
The split in the Republican Ranks helped Woodrow Wilson win the election in 1912. Also, under his leadership the NJ legislature had past many reform measures and so as the Democratic nominee he endorsed a progressive platform called New Freedom.
4. What legislation did Wilson use to attack trusts and monopolies?
Wilson used the federal legislature to attack trusts and monopolies.
5. What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote. It won final ratification in August 1920.
6. How did America's entry into World War I affect the reform movement?
Americas entry into WWI affected the reform movements because it distracted Americans and their legislators allowed the reform efforts to stall.
Monday, October 5, 2009
Urbanization
Chapter 15-2
1. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization was the growth of cities, mostly in teh regions of the Northeast and Midwest.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
Americans moved from the country to the cities because due to the rapid improvements in farming technology it meant that fewer workers were required to work the land. Rural workers had to move into cities to find whatever work they could.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Many poor city dwellers faced the problems of either choosing a house on the outskirts of town, where they could encounter transportation problems, or renting cramped rooms in a boarding house in the center of the city. New row houses were designed to pack people into the blocks, and when the working class families left the central city and the immigrants moved in they began to fit two or three families per house.
1. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization was the growth of cities, mostly in teh regions of the Northeast and Midwest.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
Americans moved from the country to the cities because due to the rapid improvements in farming technology it meant that fewer workers were required to work the land. Rural workers had to move into cities to find whatever work they could.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Many poor city dwellers faced the problems of either choosing a house on the outskirts of town, where they could encounter transportation problems, or renting cramped rooms in a boarding house in the center of the city. New row houses were designed to pack people into the blocks, and when the working class families left the central city and the immigrants moved in they began to fit two or three families per house.
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